米联客-XILINX-H3_CZ08_7100] FPGA_AXI总线入门连载-11AXI-Lite 自定义 AXI_GPIO

本帖最后由 FPGA课程于 2024-10-15 18:40 编辑

软件版本：VIVADO2021.1
操作系统：WIN10 64bit
硬件平台：适用 XILINX A7/K7/Z7/ZU/KU 系列 FPGA
实验平台：米联客-MLK-H3-CZ08-7100开发板
板卡获取平台：https://milianke.tmall.com/
登录“米联客”FPGA社区 http://www.uisrc.com 视频课程、答疑解惑！

1概述

在前文中我们学习了AXI总线协议，而且通过VIVADO自定义了AXI-LITE总线协议的IP CORE,并且实现了寄存器的读写。

那么在实际的应用中，如果我们ARM的IO不够用了，除了在前文中使用官方自带的AXI-GPIO，我们自己也可以定义AXI-GPIO IP CORE。

本文后以几篇文章都会展示AXI-LITE 自定义IP的使用，通过加强的训练，让读者掌握这种总线接口的使用。并且后面我们自定的AXI-FDMA可以完成高速的DMA数据传输。

本文实验目的：

1:通过前文的学习，把掌握的自定义AXI-LITE-SLAVE寄存器读写方法，用于引出扩展PL的IO

2:通过VITIS-SDK实现对自定义IP中寄存器的读写访问，以此实现PL IO的控制。

2系统框图

3创建IP
3.1利用模板创建AXI-Lite IP

1:打开VIVADO软件，新建一个工程。

2:单击ToolsàCreate and Package NEW IP。

3:单击Next，选择Create a new AXI4 peripheral，单击Next。

4:输入要创建的IP名字，此处命名为GPIO_LITE_ML，选择保存路径，单击Next。

5:Name -->S00_AXI；

Interface Type(接口类型)-->Lite；

Data Width(Bits)(数据位宽)-->32位；

Number of Registers(寄存器数量)-->4 ；单击next。

6:选择Edit IP，点击Finish按钮。软件自动打开一个编辑IP的工程，即edit_GPIO_LITE_ML_V1_0.xpr工程。

3.2修改IP源码

1:打开的edit_GPIO_LITE_ML_V1_0.xpr工程界面如下。

查看生成IP的文件夹

2:现在生成的IP需要进行修改才能满足我们使用需求。选中Project Manager，双击GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI_inst，做如下更改。

修改1：

修改2：

将slv_reg0的值赋值给了用户输出逻辑，当我们向slv_reg0写入数据的时候，也就相当于向GPIO_LED赋值。

更改后的文件如下所示。

3:双击GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0文件，做如下修改。

`timescale 1 ns / 1 ps
module GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI #
(
// Users to add parameters here
// User parameters ends
// Do not modify the parameters beyond this line
// Width of S_AXI data bus
parameter integer C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH = 32,
// Width of S_AXI address bus
parameter integer C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH = 4
)
(
// Users to add ports here
output wire [3:0]GPIO_LED,
// User ports ends
// Do not modify the ports beyond this line
// Global Clock Signal
input wire S_AXI_ACLK,
// Global Reset Signal. This Signal is Active LOW
input wire S_AXI_ARESETN,
// Write address (issued by master, acceped by Slave)
input wire [C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] S_AXI_AWADDR,
// Write channel Protection type. This signal indicates the
// privilege and security level of the transaction, and whether
// the transaction is a data access or an instruction access.
input wire [2 : 0] S_AXI_AWPROT,
// Write address valid. This signal indicates that the master signaling
// valid write address and control information.
input wire S_AXI_AWVALID,
// Write address ready. This signal indicates that the slave is ready
// to accept an address and associated control signals.
output wire S_AXI_AWREADY,
// Write data (issued by master, acceped by Slave)
input wire [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1 : 0] S_AXI_WDATA,
// Write strobes. This signal indicates which byte lanes hold
// valid data. There is one write strobe bit for each eight
// bits of the write data bus.
input wire [(C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1 : 0] S_AXI_WSTRB,
// Write valid. This signal indicates that valid write
// data and strobes are available.
input wire S_AXI_WVALID,
// Write ready. This signal indicates that the slave
// can accept the write data.
output wire S_AXI_WREADY,
// Write response. This signal indicates the status
// of the write transaction.
output wire [1 : 0] S_AXI_BRESP,
// Write response valid. This signal indicates that the channel
// is signaling a valid write response.
output wire S_AXI_BVALID,
// Response ready. This signal indicates that the master
// can accept a write response.
input wire S_AXI_BREADY,
// Read address (issued by master, acceped by Slave)
input wire [C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] S_AXI_ARADDR,
// Protection type. This signal indicates the privilege
// and security level of the transaction, and whether the
// transaction is a data access or an instruction access.
input wire [2 : 0] S_AXI_ARPROT,
// Read address valid. This signal indicates that the channel
// is signaling valid read address and control information.
input wire S_AXI_ARVALID,
// Read address ready. This signal indicates that the slave is
// ready to accept an address and associated control signals.
output wire S_AXI_ARREADY,
// Read data (issued by slave)
output wire [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1 : 0] S_AXI_RDATA,
// Read response. This signal indicates the status of the
// read transfer.
output wire [1 : 0] S_AXI_RRESP,
// Read valid. This signal indicates that the channel is
// signaling the required read data.
output wire S_AXI_RVALID,
// Read ready. This signal indicates that the master can
// accept the read data and response information.
input wire S_AXI_RREADY
);
// AXI4LITE signals
reg [C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] axi_awaddr;
reg axi_awready;
reg axi_wready;
reg [1 : 0] axi_bresp;
reg axi_bvalid;
reg [C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] axi_araddr;
reg axi_arready;
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1 : 0] axi_rdata;
reg [1 : 0] axi_rresp;
reg axi_rvalid;
// Example-specific design signals
// local parameter for addressing 32 bit / 64 bit C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH
// ADDR_LSB is used for addressing 32/64 bit registers/memories
// ADDR_LSB = 2 for 32 bits (n downto 2)
// ADDR_LSB = 3 for 64 bits (n downto 3)
localparam integer ADDR_LSB = (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/32) + 1;
localparam integer OPT_MEM_ADDR_BITS = 1;
//----------------------------------------------
//-- Signals for user logic register space example
//------------------------------------------------
//-- Number of Slave Registers 4
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] slv_reg0;
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] slv_reg1;
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] slv_reg2;
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] slv_reg3;
wire slv_reg_rden;
wire slv_reg_wren;
reg [C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] reg_data_out;
integer byte_index;
reg aw_en;
// I/O Connections assignments
assign S_AXI_AWREADY = axi_awready;
assign S_AXI_WREADY = axi_wready;
assign S_AXI_BRESP = axi_bresp;
assign S_AXI_BVALID = axi_bvalid;
assign S_AXI_ARREADY = axi_arready;
assign S_AXI_RDATA = axi_rdata;
assign S_AXI_RRESP = axi_rresp;
assign S_AXI_RVALID = axi_rvalid;
// Implement axi_awready generation
// axi_awready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when both
// S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted. axi_awready is
// de-asserted when reset is low.
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_awready <= 1'b0;
aw_en <= 1'b1;
end
else
begin
if (~axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && S_AXI_WVALID && aw_en)
begin
// slave is ready to accept write address when
// there is a valid write address and write data
// on the write address and data bus. This design
// expects no outstanding transactions.
axi_awready <= 1'b1;
aw_en <= 1'b0;
end
else if (S_AXI_BREADY && axi_bvalid)
begin
aw_en <= 1'b1;
axi_awready <= 1'b0;
end
else
begin
axi_awready <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
// Implement axi_awaddr latching
// This process is used to latch the address when both
// S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are valid.
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_awaddr <= 0;
end
else
begin
if (~axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && S_AXI_WVALID && aw_en)
begin
// Write Address latching
axi_awaddr <= S_AXI_AWADDR;
end
end
end
// Implement axi_wready generation
// axi_wready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when both
// S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted. axi_wready is
// de-asserted when reset is low.
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_wready <= 1'b0;
end
else
begin
if (~axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID && S_AXI_AWVALID && aw_en )
begin
// slave is ready to accept write data when
// there is a valid write address and write data
// on the write address and data bus. This design
// expects no outstanding transactions.
axi_wready <= 1'b1;
end
else
begin
axi_wready <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
// Implement memory mapped register select and write logic generation
// The write data is accepted and written to memory mapped registers when
// axi_awready, S_AXI_WVALID, axi_wready and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted. Write strobes are used to
// select byte enables of slave registers while writing.
// These registers are cleared when reset (active low) is applied.
// Slave register write enable is asserted when valid address and data are available
// and the slave is ready to accept the write address and write data.
assign slv_reg_wren = axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID && axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID;
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
slv_reg0 <= 0;
slv_reg1 <= 0;
slv_reg2 <= 0;
slv_reg3 <= 0;
end
else begin
if (slv_reg_wren)
begin
case ( axi_awaddr[ADDR_LSB+OPT_MEM_ADDR_BITS:ADDR_LSB] )
2'h0:
for ( byte_index = 0; byte_index <= (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1; byte_index = byte_index+1 )
if ( S_AXI_WSTRB[byte_index] == 1 ) begin
// Respective byte enables are asserted as per write strobes
// Slave register 0
slv_reg0[(byte_index*8) +: 8] <= S_AXI_WDATA[(byte_index*8) +: 8];
end
2'h1:
for ( byte_index = 0; byte_index <= (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1; byte_index = byte_index+1 )
if ( S_AXI_WSTRB[byte_index] == 1 ) begin
// Respective byte enables are asserted as per write strobes
// Slave register 1
slv_reg1[(byte_index*8) +: 8] <= S_AXI_WDATA[(byte_index*8) +: 8];
end
2'h2:
for ( byte_index = 0; byte_index <= (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1; byte_index = byte_index+1 )
if ( S_AXI_WSTRB[byte_index] == 1 ) begin
// Respective byte enables are asserted as per write strobes
// Slave register 2
slv_reg2[(byte_index*8) +: 8] <= S_AXI_WDATA[(byte_index*8) +: 8];
end
2'h3:
for ( byte_index = 0; byte_index <= (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1; byte_index = byte_index+1 )
if ( S_AXI_WSTRB[byte_index] == 1 ) begin
// Respective byte enables are asserted as per write strobes
// Slave register 3
slv_reg3[(byte_index*8) +: 8] <= S_AXI_WDATA[(byte_index*8) +: 8];
end
default : begin
slv_reg0 <= slv_reg0;
slv_reg1 <= slv_reg1;
slv_reg2 <= slv_reg2;
slv_reg3 <= slv_reg3;
end
endcase
end
end
end
// Implement write response logic generation
// The write response and response valid signals are asserted by the slave
// when axi_wready, S_AXI_WVALID, axi_wready and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted.
// This marks the acceptance of address and indicates the status of
// write transaction.
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_bvalid <= 0;
axi_bresp <= 2'b0;
end
else
begin
if (axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && ~axi_bvalid && axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID)
begin
// indicates a valid write response is available
axi_bvalid <= 1'b1;
axi_bresp <= 2'b0; // 'OKAY' response
end // work error responses in future
else
begin
if (S_AXI_BREADY && axi_bvalid)
//check if bready is asserted while bvalid is high)
//(there is a possibility that bready is always asserted high)
begin
axi_bvalid <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
end
// Implement axi_arready generation
// axi_arready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when
// S_AXI_ARVALID is asserted. axi_awready is
// de-asserted when reset (active low) is asserted.
// The read address is also latched when S_AXI_ARVALID is
// asserted. axi_araddr is reset to zero on reset assertion.
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_arready <= 1'b0;
axi_araddr <= 32'b0;
end
else
begin
if (~axi_arready && S_AXI_ARVALID)
begin
// indicates that the slave has acceped the valid read address
axi_arready <= 1'b1;
// Read address latching
axi_araddr <= S_AXI_ARADDR;
end
else
begin
axi_arready <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
// Implement axi_arvalid generation
// axi_rvalid is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when both
// S_AXI_ARVALID and axi_arready are asserted. The slave registers
// data are available on the axi_rdata bus at this instance. The
// assertion of axi_rvalid marks the validity of read data on the
// bus and axi_rresp indicates the status of read transaction.axi_rvalid
// is deasserted on reset (active low). axi_rresp and axi_rdata are
// cleared to zero on reset (active low).
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_rvalid <= 0;
axi_rresp <= 0;
end
else
begin
if (axi_arready && S_AXI_ARVALID && ~axi_rvalid)
begin
// Valid read data is available at the read data bus
axi_rvalid <= 1'b1;
axi_rresp <= 2'b0; // 'OKAY' response
end
else if (axi_rvalid && S_AXI_RREADY)
begin
// Read data is accepted by the master
axi_rvalid <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
// Implement memory mapped register select and read logic generation
// Slave register read enable is asserted when valid address is available
// and the slave is ready to accept the read address.
assign slv_reg_rden = axi_arready & S_AXI_ARVALID & ~axi_rvalid;
always @(*)
begin
// Address decoding for reading registers
case ( axi_araddr[ADDR_LSB+OPT_MEM_ADDR_BITS:ADDR_LSB] )
2'h0 : reg_data_out <= slv_reg0;
2'h1 : reg_data_out <= slv_reg1;
2'h2 : reg_data_out <= slv_reg2;
2'h3 : reg_data_out <= slv_reg3;
default : reg_data_out <= 0;
endcase
end
// Output register or memory read data
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK )
begin
if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 )
begin
axi_rdata <= 0;
end
else
begin
// When there is a valid read address (S_AXI_ARVALID) with
// acceptance of read address by the slave (axi_arready),
// output the read dada
if (slv_reg_rden)
begin
axi_rdata <= reg_data_out; // register read data
end
end
end
// Add user logic here
assign GPIO_LED[3:0] = slv_reg0[3:0];
// User logic ends
endmodule

复制代码

修改1：

修改2：

修改后的文件如下。

`timescale 1 ns / 1 ps
module GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0 #
(
// Users to add parameters here
// User parameters ends
// Do not modify the parameters beyond this line
// Parameters of Axi Slave Bus Interface S00_AXI
parameter integer C_S00_AXI_DATA_WIDTH = 32,
parameter integer C_S00_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH = 4
)
(
// Users to add ports here
output wire [3:0]GPIO_LED,
// User ports ends
// Do not modify the ports beyond this line
// Ports of Axi Slave Bus Interface S00_AXI
input wire s00_axi_aclk,
input wire s00_axi_aresetn,
input wire [C_S00_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] s00_axi_awaddr,
input wire [2 : 0] s00_axi_awprot,
input wire s00_axi_awvalid,
output wire s00_axi_awready,
input wire [C_S00_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1 : 0] s00_axi_wdata,
input wire [(C_S00_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8)-1 : 0] s00_axi_wstrb,
input wire s00_axi_wvalid,
output wire s00_axi_wready,
output wire [1 : 0] s00_axi_bresp,
output wire s00_axi_bvalid,
input wire s00_axi_bready,
input wire [C_S00_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH-1 : 0] s00_axi_araddr,
input wire [2 : 0] s00_axi_arprot,
input wire s00_axi_arvalid,
output wire s00_axi_arready,
output wire [C_S00_AXI_DATA_WIDTH-1 : 0] s00_axi_rdata,
output wire [1 : 0] s00_axi_rresp,
output wire s00_axi_rvalid,
input wire s00_axi_rready
);
// Instantiation of Axi Bus Interface S00_AXI
GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI # (
.C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH(C_S00_AXI_DATA_WIDTH),
.C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH(C_S00_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH)
) GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI_inst (
.S_AXI_ACLK(s00_axi_aclk),
.S_AXI_ARESETN(s00_axi_aresetn),
.S_AXI_AWADDR(s00_axi_awaddr),
.S_AXI_AWPROT(s00_axi_awprot),
.S_AXI_AWVALID(s00_axi_awvalid),
.S_AXI_AWREADY(s00_axi_awready),
.S_AXI_WDATA(s00_axi_wdata),
.S_AXI_WSTRB(s00_axi_wstrb),
.S_AXI_WVALID(s00_axi_wvalid),
.S_AXI_WREADY(s00_axi_wready),
.S_AXI_BRESP(s00_axi_bresp),
.S_AXI_BVALID(s00_axi_bvalid),
.S_AXI_BREADY(s00_axi_bready),
.S_AXI_ARADDR(s00_axi_araddr),
.S_AXI_ARPROT(s00_axi_arprot),
.S_AXI_ARVALID(s00_axi_arvalid),
.S_AXI_ARREADY(s00_axi_arready),
.S_AXI_RDATA(s00_axi_rdata),
.S_AXI_RRESP(s00_axi_rresp),
.S_AXI_RVALID(s00_axi_rvalid),
.S_AXI_RREADY(s00_axi_rready),
.GPIO_LED(GPIO_LED)
);
// Add user logic here
// User logic ends
endmodule

复制代码

4:进一步修改。去掉“_v1_0”。

1、GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI.v中：

module GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI #修改为-->module GPIO_LITE_ML_S00_AXI #

修改后

2、GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0.v中：

module GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0 # 修改为--> module GPIO_LITE_ML #

修改后

GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI # 修改为-->GPIO_LITE_ML_S00_AXI #

GPIO_LITE_ML_v1_0_S00_AXI_inst 修改为-->GPIO_LITE_ML_S00_AXI_inst

修改后

5:修改后，保存。出现如下界面，选择Automatically pick new top module。

更新后界面

6:重新封装。选择ToolsàCreat and Pakage New IP，单击Next。

7:选择Package your current project，单击Next。

路径选择原来IP所在的位置，覆盖原来的文件。

8:选择Overwrite。

9:选择Package IP --> Rewiew and Package --> Re-Package IP

自定义IP生成完毕。

4搭建SOC系统工程

详细的搭建过程这里不再重复，对于初学读者如果还不清楚如何创建SOC工程的，请学习“01Vitis Soc开发入门”这篇文章。

4.1SOC系统工程

1:PS 复位设置

2:PS LPD 设置

3:PL 输出时钟设置

4.2 添加自定义 AXI-Lite IP
1:设置 IP 路径

本文中是我们第一次在 BD 图形化设计中添加自定义的 IP ，自定义的 IP 需要设置 IP 路径才能被识别到。默认情况下，我们自定的 IP 在配套工程的 uisrc/ip 路径下：

2:添加 IP

4.3PL 图像化编程

4.4 设置地址分配

4.5 编译并导出平台文件

1:单击 Block 文件 --> 右键 --> Generate the Output Product --> Globa --> Generate。

2: 单击 Block 文件 --> 右键 --> Create a HDL wrapper( 生成 HDL 顶层文件 ) --> Let vivado manager wrapper and auto-update(自动更新)。

3:生成 Bit 文件。

4:导出到硬件: File --> Export Hardware --> Include bitstream

5:导出完成后，对应工程路径的 zu_hw 路径下有硬件平台文件：system_wrapper.xsa 的文件。根据硬件平台文件 system_wrapper.xsa 来创建需要 Platform 平台。

5搭建Vitis-sdk工程

创建soc_base sdk platform和APP工程的过程不再重复，如果不清楚请参考本章节第一个demo。

5.1创建SDK Platform工程

右击soc_base编译，编译的时间可能会有点长

5.2创建APP工程

6程序分析
XGpio_axi_WriteReg()函数实现的是向AXI的寄存器中写入数据，它的三个参数分别为基地址，偏移量和数据。需要注意的是此处的偏移量，AXI的相邻寄存器偏移量相差4个字节，默认slv_reg0的偏移量是0，因此，可以推导出slv_reg1，slv_reg2的偏移量分别为4和8，本课中，我们只用到了slv_reg0，所以偏移量为0。
7方案演示

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